When comparing the
world's oldest universities, the answer depends on the criteria used.
Some institutions trace their roots to early centres of religious and scholarly learning. Others developed into universities with particular governance structures, degree systems, and academic traditions.

For example, Al-Qarawiyyin in Morocco traces its origins to 859 CE, while the University of Bologna is conventionally dated to 1088 and is widely recognized as the oldest university in the European tradition.
Comparing these institutions requires more than looking at dates. Historical continuity, institutional development, and the meaning of “university” all matter.
The Campus Review's article provides an introduction to these historic institutions and their influence on education.
https://thecampusreview.com/history-and-culture/oldest-university-in-the-world/#UniversityHistory #HigherEducation #EducationResearch